Statements Page

On this page

The Statements page provides information about the execution of SQL statements in your cluster, using data in the cluster's crdb_internal system catalog. To view this page, click SQL Activity in the left-hand navigation of the DB Console. The Statements tab is selected.

It offers two views:

• Statement Fingerprints show information about completed SQL statements.
• Active Executions show information about SQL statements which are currently executing.

Choose a view by selecting the Statement Fingerprints or Active Executions radio button. The selection is retained when you switch between the Statements and Transactions tabs on the SQL Activity page.

Statement Fingerprints view

The Statements Fingerprints view helps you:

• Identify frequently executed or high latency SQL statements.
• View SQL statement fingerprint details.
• Download SQL statement diagnostics for troubleshooting.

To view this page, click SQL Activity in the left-hand navigation of the DB Console. The Statements tab is selected. The Statement Fingerprints radio button is selected and the Statements table displays.

The following screenshot shows the statement fingerprint for SELECT city, id FROM vehicles WHERE city = $1 while running the movr workload:

If you click the statement fingerprint in the Statements column, the Statement Fingerprint page displays.

Active Executions view

The Active Executions view helps you:

• Understand and tune workload performance, particularly for long-running statements.

To display this view, click SQL Activity in the left-hand navigation of the DB Console. The Statements tab is selected. Click the Active Executions radio button. The Active Executions table displays.

The following screenshot shows the active statement execution for INSERT INTO users VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5) while running the movr workload:

If you click the execution ID in the Statement Execution ID column, the Statement Execution details page displays.

Refresh

New in v23.2: To control refresh of the data on the Active Executions views of the SQL Activity Statements and Transactions pages, the following controls have been added:

• An Active Statements|Transactions As Of timestamp: Indicates when the last refresh was performed.
• A manual Refresh button: When clicked, refreshes data immediately.
• An Auto Refresh toggle: When toggled On (default), refreshes data immediately and then automatically every 10 seconds. When toggled Off, stops automatic data refresh. The toggle setting is shared by both the Statements and the Transactions pages. Changing the setting on one page changes it on the other page.

If Auto Refresh is toggled On, navigating to the Active Executions view on either the Statements page or Transactions page refreshes the data.

If Auto Refresh is toggled Off and the data has not been refreshed in over 10 minutes, there will be an alert under the controls similar to: Your active statements|transactions data is 11 minutes old. Consider refreshing for the latest information.

Statement Fingerprints results

The statement fingerprints returned are determined by the selected Search Criteria.

Search Criteria

By default, the Top 100 statement fingerprints By % of All Runtime for the Past Hour are returned.

1. To change the number of results returned, select 25, 50, 100, or 500 from the Top dropdown. To return a larger number, select More and choose an option: 1000, 5000, 10000.
2. To change the sort column, from the By dropdown, select a commonly sorted column: % of All Runtime, CPU Time, Contention Time, Execution Count, P99 Latency, Statement Time. To sort by other columns, select More from the dropdown and choose an option: Last Execution Time, Max Latency,Max Memory, Min Latency, Network, P50 Latency, P90 Latency, Retries, Rows Processed.
   Note:

   The More options may increase the page loading time and are not generally recommended.
3. Select the Time Range.

4. Click Apply.

   The list of statements that satisfy the search criteria is displayed. The results can be further searched and filtered.

Time interval

To view statement fingerprints within a specific time interval, select a time interval from the selector at the top of the tab. The time interval field supports preset time intervals (1 Hour, 6 Hours, 1 Day, etc.) and custom time intervals. To select a custom time interval, click the time interval field and select Custom time interval. In the Start (UTC) and End (UTC) fields select or type a date and time.

Use the arrow buttons to cycle through previous and next time intervals. To select the most recent interval, click Now. When you select a time interval, the same interval is selected in the Metrics page.

CockroachDB persists statement statistics up to 1 million rows before the oldest row is deleted. The retention period of statistics is reduced the more active a workload is and the more distinct statement fingerprints there are.

Search and filter

By default, the Statements page shows SQL statements from all applications and databases running on the cluster.

Search results

To search using the search field:

1. Enter a string in the search box at the top of the tab. To search for exact terms in order, wrap the search string in quotes.

2. Press Enter.

   The list of statements is filtered by the string.

Filter

To filter the statements:

1. Click the Filters field.

   • To filter by application, select App and select one or more applications.

     • Queries from the SQL shell are displayed under the $ cockroach app.
     • If you haven't set application_name in a client connection string, it appears as unset.

   • To filter by one or more databases (Database), SQL statement types (Statement Type), or nodes on which the statement ran (Node), click the field and select one or more checkboxes.

     The Statement Type values map to the CockroachDB statement types data definition language (DDL), data manipulation language (DML), data control language (DCL), and transaction control language (TCL).

   • To display only statement fingerprints that take longer than a specified time to run, specify the time and units.

   • To display only statement fingerprints with queries that cause full table scans, click Only show statements that contain queries with full table scans.

2. Click Apply.

The following screenshot shows the statements that contain the string rides for the movr application filtered by Statement Type: DML:

Statement statistics

Statistics aggregation is controlled by the sql.stats.aggregation.interval cluster setting, set to 1 hour by default.

Aggregated statistics are flushed from memory to statistics tables in the crdb_internal system catalog every 10 minutes. The flushing interval is controlled by the sql.stats.flush.interval cluster setting.

The default retention period of the statistics tables is based on the number of rows up to 1 million records. When this threshold is reached, the oldest records are deleted. The diagnostics.forced_sql_stat_reset.interval cluster setting controls when persisted statistics are deleted only if the internal cleanup service experiences a failure.

If desired, admin users may reset SQL statistics in the DB Console UI and crdb_internal system catalog by clicking reset SQL stats. This link does not appear for non-admin users.

Example

See View historical statement statistics and the sampled logical plan per fingerprint.

SQL statement fingerprints

The Statements page displays SQL statement fingerprints.

A statement fingerprint represents one or more SQL statements by replacing literal values (e.g., numbers and strings) with underscores (_). This can help you quickly identify frequently executed SQL statements and their latencies.

For multiple SQL statements to be represented by a fingerprint, they must be identical aside from their literal values and placeholders.

These SQL statements:

• INSERT INTO new_order(product_id, customer_id, transaction_id) VALUES (380, 11, 11098)
• INSERT INTO new_order(product_id, customer_id, transaction_id) VALUES (192, 891, 20)
• INSERT INTO new_order(product_id, customer_id, transaction_id) VALUES (784, 452, 78)

have the fingerprint INSERT INTO new_order(product_id, customer_id, transaction_id) VALUES (_, _, __more1_10__)

These SQL statements:

• INSERT INTO new_order(product_id, customer_id, transaction_id) VALUES ($1, $2, 11098)
• INSERT INTO new_order(product_id, customer_id, transaction_id) VALUES ($1, $2, 300)
• INSERT INTO new_order(product_id, customer_id, transaction_id) VALUES ($1, $2, $3)

have the fingerprint INSERT INTO new_order(product_id, customer_id, transaction_id) VALUES ($1, $1, __more1_10__).

The following statement is not represented by either of the preceding fingerprints:

• INSERT INTO new_order(product_id, customer_id, transaction_id) VALUES ($1, 11, 11098)

It is possible to see the same fingerprint listed multiple times in the following scenarios:

• Statements with this fingerprint were executed by more than one application_name.
• Statements with this fingerprint were executed both successfully and unsuccessfully.

Statements table

Click Columns to select the columns to display in the table.

The Statements table gives details for each SQL statement fingerprint:

Column	Description
Statements	SQL statement fingerprint. To view additional details, click the SQL statement fingerprint to open its Statement Fingerprint page. Statement fingerprints are displayed per application rather than grouped into a single fingerprint. This may result in multiple rows for the same statement fingerprint, one per application name.
Execution Count	Cumulative number of executions of statements with this fingerprint within the time interval. The bar indicates the ratio of runtime success (gray) to retries (red) for the SQL statement fingerprint.
Database	The database in which the statement was executed.
Application Name	The name specified by the application_name session setting.
Statement Time	Average planning and execution time of statements with this statement fingerprint within the time interval. The gray bar indicates the mean latency. The blue bar indicates one standard deviation from the mean. Hover over the bar to display exact values.
% of All Runtime	The percentage of execution time taken by this statement fingerprint compared to all other statements executed within the time period, including those not displayed. Runtime is calculated as the mean execution latency multiplied by the execution count. Note: The sum of the values in this column may not equal 100%. Each fingerprint's percentage is calculated by dividing the fingerprint's runtime by the sum of the runtimes for all statement fingerprints in the time interval. "All statement fingerprints" means all user statement fingerprints (not only those displayed by the search criteria), as well as internal statement fingerprints that are never included in the displayed result set. The search criteria are applied after the % of All Runtime calculation.
Contention Time	Average time statements with this fingerprint were in contention with other transactions within the time interval. The gray bar indicates mean contention time. The blue bar indicates one standard deviation from the mean. Hover over the bar to display exact values.
CPU Time	Average CPU time spent executing within the specified time interval. The gray bar indicates mean CPU time. The blue bar indicates one standard deviation from the mean. The CPU time includes time spent in the SQL layer. It does not include time spent in the storage layer.
P50 Latency	The 50th latency percentile for sampled statement executions with this fingerprint.
P90 Latency	The 90th latency percentile for sampled statement executions with this fingerprint.
P99 Latency	The 99th latency percentile for sampled statement executions with this fingerprint.
Min Latency	The lowest latency value for all statement executions with this fingerprint.
Max Latency	The highest latency value for all statement executions with this fingerprint.
Rows Processed	Average number of rows read and written while executing statements with this fingerprint within the time interval.
Bytes Read	Aggregation of all bytes read from disk across all operators for statements with this fingerprint within the time interval. The gray bar indicates the mean number of bytes read from disk. The blue bar indicates one standard deviation from the mean. Hover over the bar to display exact values.
Max Memory	Maximum memory used by a statement with this fingerprint at any time during its execution within the time interval. The gray bar indicates the average max memory usage. The blue bar indicates one standard deviation from the mean. Hover over the bar to display exact values.
Network	Amount of data transferred over the network for statements with this fingerprint within the time interval. If this value is 0, the statement was executed on a single node. The gray bar indicates the mean number of bytes sent over the network. The blue bar indicates one standard deviation from the mean. Hover over the bar to display exact values.
Retries	Cumulative number of automatic (internal) retries by CockroachDB of statements with this fingerprint within the time interval.
Regions/Nodes	The regions and nodes on which statements with this fingerprint executed. Nodes are not visible for CockroachDB Serverless clusters or for clusters that are not multi-region.
Last Execution Time (UTC)	The timestamp when the statement was last executed.
Statement Fingerprint ID	The ID of the statement fingerprint.
Diagnostics	Activate and download diagnostics for this fingerprint. To activate, click the Activate button. The Activate statement diagnostics dialog displays. After you complete the dialog, the column displays the status of diagnostics collection (WAITING, READY, or ERROR). Click and select a bundle to download or select Cancel request to cancel diagnostics bundle collection. Statements are periodically cleared from the Statements page based on the start time. To access the full history of diagnostics for the fingerprint, see the Diagnostics tab of the Statement Details page. Diagnostics is not visible for CockroachDB Serverless clusters.

To view statement details, click a SQL statement fingerprint in the Statements column to open the Statement Fingerprint page.

Statement Fingerprint page

The details displayed on the Statement Fingerprint page reflect the time interval selected on the Statements page and the application name and database specified in the selected row of the Statements table.

Overview

The Overview section displays the SQL statement fingerprint and execution attributes:

The Overview section also displays the SQL statement fingerprint statistics that correspond to the charts below:

The following screenshot shows the statement fingerprint of the query described in Use the right index:

Insights

The Insights table is displayed when CockroachDB has detected a problem with the statement fingerprint.

• Insights: Provides the Workload Insight type.
• Details: Provides a description and possible recommendation.
• Latest Execution ID: The ID of the latest statement execution. To display the details of the statement execution, click the ID.

The following screenshot shows the insights of the statement fingerprint illustrated in Overview:

Charts

Charts following the execution attributes display statement fingerprint statistics:

The following charts summarize the executions of the statement fingerprint illustrated in Overview:

Explain Plans

The Explain Plans tab displays statement plans for an explainable statement in the selected time interval. You can use this information to optimize the query. For more information about plans, see EXPLAIN.

The following screenshot shows an execution of the query discussed in Overview:

The plan table shows the following details:

To display the plan that was executed, click the plan gist. For the plan gist AgHUAQIABQAAAAHYAQIAiA..., the following plan displays:

Insights

The plan table displays the number of insights related to the plan. If a plan has at least 1 insight, when you click the plan gist, a table of insights that describe how to improve the performance will follow the plan.

The following screenshot shows 1 insight found after running the query discussed in Overview 6 or more times:

In this case the insight is recommending that you create an index on the start_time column of the rides table and storing the rider_id.

If you click Create Index, a confirmation dialog displays a warning about the cost of online schema changes and a button to copy the SQL statement for later execution in a SQL client.

If you click Apply to create the index and then execute the statement again, the Explain Plans tab will show that the second execution (in this case at 19:40), which uses the index and has no insight, takes less time than the first 6 executions.

Diagnostics

The Diagnostics tab allows you to activate and download diagnostics for a SQL statement fingerprint.

When you activate diagnostics for a fingerprint, CockroachDB waits for the next SQL query that matches this fingerprint to be run on any node. On the next match, information about the SQL statement is written to a diagnostics bundle that you can download. This bundle consists of statement traces in various formats (including a JSON file that can be imported to Jaeger), a physical query plan, execution statistics, and other information about the query. The bundle contents are identical to those produced by EXPLAIN ANALYZE (DEBUG). You can use the information collected in the bundle to diagnose problematic SQL statements, such as slow queries. We recommend that you share the diagnostics bundle with our support team, which can help you interpret the results.

Activate diagnostics collection and download bundles

To activate diagnostics collection:

1. Click the Activate diagnostics button. The Activate statement diagnostics dialog displays.

2. Choose whether to:

   1. trace and collect diagnostics at the default sampled rate of 1% (or specify a different rate) when the statement execution latency exceeds the default time of 100 milliseconds (or specify a different time), or
   2. trace and collect diagnostics on the next statement execution.

3. Choose whether the request should expire after 15 minutes, or after a different time, or disable automatic expiration by deselecting the checkbox. Executions of the same statement fingerprint will run slower while diagnostics are activated, so it is recommended to set an expiration time if collecting according to a latency threshold.

4. Click Activate.

When the statement fingerprint is executed according to the statement diagnostic options selected, a row with the activation time and collection status is added to the Statement diagnostics table.

The collection status values are:

• READY: indicates that the diagnostics have been collected. To download the diagnostics bundle, click Bundle (.zip).
• WAITING: indicates that a SQL statement matching the fingerprint has not yet been recorded. To cancel diagnostics collection, click the Cancel request button.
• ERROR: indicates that the attempt at diagnostics collection failed.

View and download diagnostic bundles for all statement fingerprints

Although fingerprints are periodically cleared from the Statements page, all diagnostics bundles are preserved. To view and download diagnostic bundles for all statement fingerprints, do one of the following:

• On the Diagnostics tab for a statement fingerprint, click the All statement diagnostics link.

• Click Advanced Debug in the left-hand navigation and click Statement Diagnostics History.

Click Bundle (.zip) to download any diagnostics bundle.

Active Executions table

Click Columns to select the columns to display in the table.

To view details of an active statement execution, click an execution ID in the Statement Execution ID column to open the Statement Execution details page.

Statement execution details page

The statement execution details page provides the following details on the statement execution.

• Start Time (UTC): The timestamp when the execution started.
• Elapsed Time: The time elapsed since the execution started.
• Status: The status of the execution: Preparing, Waiting, or Executing.
• Full Scan: Whether the execution performed a full scan of the table.
• Application Name: The name specified by the application_name session setting.
• User Name: The name of the user running the statement.
• Client Address: The IP address and port of the client that opened the session in which the statement is running.
• Session ID: Link to the session in which the transaction is running.
• Transaction Execution ID: Link to the ID of the transaction in which the statement is executing.

If a statement execution is waiting, the statement execution details are followed by Contention Insights and details of the statement execution on which the blocked statement execution is waiting. For more information about contention, see Understanding and avoiding transaction contention.

See also

• Troubleshoot Query Behavior
• Transaction retries
• Optimize Statement Performance
• Support Resources
• Raw Status Endpoints
• Transactions Page

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